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Peter Chrysologus ((ギリシア語:Ἅγιος Πέτρος ὁ Χρυσολόγος), ''Petros Chrysologos'' meaning ''Peter the "golden-worded"'') (c. 380 – c. 450)〔The Liturgy of the Hours, Vol. III, pp. 1562.〕 was Bishop of Ravenna from about 433 until his death.〔Michael Walsh, ed. "Butler's Lives of the Saints," New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991.〕 He is known as the “Doctor of Homilies” for the concise but theologically rich reflections he delivered during his time as the Bishop of Ravenna. He is revered as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church; he was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Benedict XIII in 1729. ==Life== Peter was born in Imola, where Cornelius, bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Imola, baptized him, educated him, and ordained him a deacon. He was made an archdeacon through the influence of Emperor Valentinian III. Pope Sixtus III appointed Peter as Bishop of Ravenna circa 433, apparently rejecting the candidate whom the people of the city of Ravenna elected. At that time Ravenna was the capital of the West,〔(Foley OFM, Leonard. "St. Peter Chrysologus", ''Saint of the Day'', (revised by Pat McCloskey OFM), Franciscan Media )〕 and there are indications that Ravenna held the rank of metropolitan before this time.〔(Smith, Ignatius. "St. Peter Chrysologus." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 17 March 2015 )〕 The traditional account, as recorded in the Roman Breviary, is that Sixtus had a vision of Pope Saint Peter the Apostle and Saint Apollinaris of Ravenna, the first bishop of that see, who showed Peter a young man, the next Bishop of Ravenna. When a group from Ravenna arrived, including Cornelius and his archdeacon Peter from Imola, Sixtus recognized Peter as the young man in his vision and consecrated him as a bishop. People knew Saint Peter Chrysologus, ''the Doctor of Homilies'', for his short but inspired talks; he supposedly feared boring his audience. His piety and zeal won universal admiration. After hearing oratory of his first homily as bishop, Roman Empress Galla Placidia supposedly gave him the surname ''Chrysologus'', meaning "golden-worded." His sermons are historically significant in that they reveal Christian life in fifth-century Ravenna.〔 The Emperor's mother, Galla Placidia, patronized many projects of Bishop Peter.〔("St. Peter Chrysologus", Catholic News Agency )〕 In his extant homilies, bishop Peter explained Biblical texts briefly and concisely. He also condemned Arianism and Monophysitism as heresies and explained the Apostles' Creed, the mystery of the Incarnation, and other topics in simple and clear language. He dedicated a series of homilies to Saint John the Baptist and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Peter advocated daily reception of Eucharist. He urged his listeners to confide in the forgiveness offered through Christ.〔Sermon 58, On the Creed, par. 13〕〔Sermon 30, on Matthew 9:9ff, par. 5〕〔Sermon 168 par. 3〕 His surviving works attest to the Church's traditional beliefs about Mary's perpetual virginity, the penitential value of Lent, Christ's Eucharistic presence, and the primacy of St. Peter and his successors. He shared the confidence of Saint Pope Leo I the Great (440-461), another doctor of the Church. A synod held in Constantinople in 448 condemned Eutyches for Monophysitism; Eutyches then appealed to Peter Chrysologus but failed in his endeavour to win the support of the Bishop. The ''Acts of the Council of Chalcedon'' (451) preserves the text of letter of Saint Peter Chrysologus in response to Eutyches; Peter admonishes Eutyches to accept the ruling of the synod and to give obedience to the Bishop of Rome as the successor of Saint Peter. Archbishop Felix of Ravenna in the early eighth century collected and preserved 176 of his homilies.〔 Various authors edited and translated these works into numerous languages. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peter Chrysologus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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